欧佩克（OPEC）已经达成减产协议以限制石油供应，组织内部终于消除了对全球原油创纪录过剩必须加以解决的争议，同时向外界证明了该组织依然具有可信度。这是欧佩克过去8年来第一次达成减产协议。此前，油价已闻风而动持续攀升，达成协议的消息传出后油价已飙涨8%以上。
本次OPEC减产协定最终决定了：
欧佩克的三大产油国：沙特、伊拉克和伊朗终于消除了分歧，在如何分担2008年以来首份减产份额方面达成一致。尤为突出的是，沙特似乎已接受伊朗可作为一个特例，在某种条件下甚至可能增产约390万桶/天。今天达成的协议还可能包括一些非欧佩克产油国总计将减产60万桶/天。
另外，14个OPEC的主要产油国一致同意，将日产油量减少120万桶，设定OPEC国家合计日产油上限为3250万桶。
此协议自2017年1月1日生效。该协议的有效期为6个月，就当时的市场状况和前景，可再延长6个月。
这不但是OPEC国家八年来首次联合减产，此协议是要实现实质减产，目前产量是超出3300万桶日水平的。各大机构供需平衡表对明年OPEC的产量需求都认为3300水平就够实现平衡。
卡特尔能源部长兼OPEC主席Mohammed Saleh al-Sada表示，重要的非OPEC产油国也同意减产，合计减产60万桶/日，其中俄罗斯减产额度约占二分之一（30万桶/日）。这是俄罗斯十五年来首次参与OPEC减产。
OPEC建立监督委员会来实施协议。监督委员会由科威特、委内瑞拉、阿尔及利亚和两个非OPEC国家组成，由科威特担任主席，将在OPEC秘书处的协助下监督减产协议的实施。监督将基于二手来源的数据。
作为石油净进口国的印尼表示参与减产有难度，则被暂时中止暂时中止印尼的OPEC成员资格。（印尼加入了OPEC还不到一年）
PS:OPEC各国具体的减产细节见下表，来自OPEC协定。
OPEC 171st Meeting concludes
Vienna, Austria
The 171st Meeting of the Conference of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was held in Vienna, Austria, on Wednesday, 30th November 2016, under the Chairmanship of its President, HE Dr. Mohammed Bin Saleh Al-Sada, Minister of Energy and Industry of the State of Qatar and Head of its Delegation.
The Conference welcomed HE Ignasius Jonan, Indonesia’s Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources, who was attending a meeting of the OPEC Conference for the first time. The Conference extended its appreciation to the work of his predecessor in office, HE Sudirman Said, who oversaw Indonesia’s reactivation of its OPEC Membership at the end of last year.
Furthermore, the Conference welcomed a number of Ministers to a Vienna OPEC Conference for the first time. HE Noureddine Boutarfa, Algeria’s Minister of Energy; HE Etienne Dieudonné Ngoubou, Gabon’s Minister of Petroleum and Hydrocarbons; HE Jabbar Ali Hussein Al-Luiebi, Iraq’s Minister of Oil; and HE Dr. Guillaume Long, Ecuador’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, who was heading his country’s delegation at this Meeting.
The Conference studied the Secretary General’s report, the report and recommendations made by the High-Level Committee that was set up following the ‘Algiers Accord’ that was agreed at the 170th (Extraordinary) Meeting of the OPEC Conference on September 28 in Algeria, the report of the Economic Commission Board, OPEC’s Long-Term Strategy (LTS) document, as well as various administrative matters.
The Conference took note of oil market developments since it last met in Algeria and reviewed the oil market outlook for the remainder of 2016 and 2017. It observed that global economic growth forecasts were reasonable for both 2016 and 2017, at 2.9% and 3.1% respectively, that non-OPEC supply is expected to contract by 0.8 million barrels per day (mb/d) in 2016, before returning to growth of 0.3 mb/d in 2017, and that world oil demand is anticipated to grow at healthy levels of around 1.2 mb/d in both 2016 and 2017.
The numbers underscore that the market rebalancing is underway, but the Conference stressed that OECD and non-OECD inventories still stand well above the five-year average. The Conference said it was vital that stock levels were drawn down to normal levels. The Conference also noted the drop off in investment levels in both 2015 and 2016, as well as the huge layoffs the industry has witnessed in recent years. It emphasized the importance of continued investments for an industry that needs regular and predictable investments to provide the necessary supply in the medium- and longer-terms.
The Conference recorded its deep appreciation to the commitment and valued contribution of the High-level Committee on the implementation of the ‘Algiers Accord’. The Committee’s efforts helped form a consensus among Member Countries on the basis of a proposal put forward by Algeria to implement a new range of targeted production levels.
Accordingly, and in line with the ‘Algiers Accord’, the Conference decided to implement a new OPEC-14 production target of 32.5mb/d, in order to accelerate the ongoing drawdown of the stock overhang and bring the oil market rebalancing forward. The Agreement will be effective from January 1, 2017. The Conference also decided to establish a High-level Monitoring Committee, consisting of Oil Ministers, and assisted by the OPEC Secretariat, to monitor the implementation of the Agreement. Member Countries, in agreeing to this decision, confirmed their commitment to a stable and balanced oil market, with prices at levels that are suitable for both producers and consumers.
In line with recommendations from the High-level Committee of the ‘Algiers Accord’, the Conference also agreed to institutionalize a framework for cooperation between OPEC and non-OPEC producing countries on a regular and sustainable basis. The Conference underscored the importance of other producing countries joining the Agreement.
The Conference recorded its deep appreciation to the country of Algeria, HE Noureddine Boutarfa and Eng. Mohamed Hamel, Algeria’s Governor for OPEC, for their outstanding contribution to the implementation of the ‘Algiers Accord’.
The Conference considered the report from the Board of Governors on the second five-yearly Review of OPEC’s Long-Term Strategy. The Conference adopted the new Long-Term Strategy that has been produced over the last two years and is the result of exhaustive and robust research and analysis. The Conference recorded the Organization’s particular thanks to OPEC’s Board of Governors and all other delegates to the meetings.
The Conference welcomed the recent early enforcement of the ‘Paris Agreement’ on climate change. It stressed that OPEC will continue to support the successful and comprehensive implementation of the Agreement to ensure a ‘win-win’ outcome for all. In this regard, it stated that it was important to recognize that the Agreement is under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and should continue to be guided by its principles and provisions. In particular, the unique situation of developing countries should be given the top priority it deserves.
The Conference elected HE Khalid A. Al-Falih, Minister of Energy, Industry & Mineral Resources of Saudi Arabia as President of the Conference for one year, with effect from 1 January 2017, and HE Suhail Mohamed Al Mazrouei, the UAE’s Minister of Energy as Alternate President, for the same period.
The Conference appointed Mr. Estévâo Pedro, Governor for Angola, as Chairman of the Board of Governors for the year 2017, and HE Wilson Pástor Morris, Governor for Ecuador as Alternate Chairman for the same period.
The Conference decided that its next Ordinary Meeting will convene in Vienna, Austria, on Thursday, 25th May 2017.
Finally, the Conference expressed its continued sincere gratitude to the Government and to the people of the Republic of Austria, as well as the authorities of the City of Vienna, for their warm hospitality and excellent arrangements made for the Conference Meeting.
扑克投资家综合自：彭博社、观察者网、OPEC官网
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